Danach kommt gar nichts mehr.

You want your OTRS installation to send your agents notifications whenever a ticket is created through the web service interface.
The default notification configuration does not do this, perhaps
because the triggering event is NotificationNewTicket
, whatever that
is.
Create a new ticket notification, or change the existing one, and set
the “Event” field to TicketCreate
.
When replying to or forwarding a message in Outlook, the attribution header uses a 12-hour clock (AM/PM).
You are of the opinion that this format is a remnant from the Dark Ages, when it was, well, dark and people had to be told whether it was day or night, and so you would really like Outlook to stop that.
Outlook is being excessively clever here, as usual. It has an option
to override the language used for formatting the attribution header,
and this option overrides not just the language but the entire locale
with the (im)moral equivalent of en-US
.
In Options/Advanced/International options, turn off “Use English for message headers on replies and forwards and for forward notifications. [sic]".
Outlook will now use the format defined in Windows regional settings. It will also use the language defined there.